一栋木质结构的房子，谁来决定多粗的支柱和横梁刚好够力量上的支撑而不浪费材料？中国第一位女性建筑学家林徽因在其著作中就曾提出过这样的质疑，在日常生活中一包饼干或者糕点，谁定义放多少的化学防腐剂不影响口感，化学成分最少，而且刚好满足所指示的保质期？什么样的手机能够满足预期的目标人群的功能需求又成本最低？

Who can decide thickness of pillars and beams which is just enough to support a wooden house without wasting materials? The first woman architect in China, Huiyin Lin, has once proposed such questions. In daily life, who decides how much chemical preservative should be added in food without affecting its taste, while keeping the minimum chemical components and satisfying the indicated expiration date exactly? Which kind of mobile phone can satisfy the needs for functions of targeted consumers with the lowest cost?